The ideas that were in their infancy in the last 1700s through the Antebellum period become the foundation for what happens in the Jim Crow period - to free people of color, but also the formerly enslaved people. There were laws on the books in many Southern states that said if a free person of color cannot afford to pay a fine, that person can be 'hired out' to pay off that debt. We see instances where judges and communities decide they want to target certain individuals by assessing a fine they know a person can't pay. When someone fines a poor person $50, they know what they're trying to do. We see an expansion of that process in the post-Civil War period.